A significantly increased frequency of CD4+CXCR5+ and CD4+CXCR5+ICOShigh circulating Tfh cells was detected in RA patients, compared with that in healthy controls (Figures 1(f) and 1(g)) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, resp). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR5 and rheumatoid arthritis.