It has been found that high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6, could down-regulate the production of adiponectin and, on the other hand, upregulate the production of leptin, which has a proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic role and can accelerate endothelial dysfunction in patients with inflammatory diseases [57]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.