Conversely, the number of goblet cells, an indicator of epithelial cell differentiation, was decreased in the p19−/− and increased in p35−/− and p40−/− mice relative to WT and p19−/− mice, uncovering a novel role for IL-12 and IL-23 in regulating gut epithelial responses to Salmonella infection (Fig. 2C and D). Here, IL23A is linked to Salmonella Infections.