PTEN and Familial prostate cancer: Further evidence for haploinsufficiency is supported by the following observations: some tumors arisen in patients with CS do not show biallelic mutations of PTEN gene [33]; primary prostate cancers are associated with loss or alteration of one PTEN allele in 70% of cases [34], whereas homozygous deletion is present in 10% of cases [35]; the occurrence of monoallelic mutation of PTEN in breast cancer is much more frequent (30–40% versus 5%) than that of biallelic loss [36–38].