GAD1 and peripheral nerve injury: The issue of altered efficacy with changes in the time of placement of cell grafts was first examined with the use of GABA-secreting cell grafts in the CCI-model of peripheral nerve injury pain and the GAD67-rat cell line [113], where lumbar subarachnoid transplant of these cells only permanently and completely attenuated TA and TH behaviors induced by the unilateral nerve injury when an early time point (2 weeks after CCI) was used for cell injection, even though many surviving grafted cell were found, no matter when cells were grafted.