TGFB1 and cancer: At the peritoneal dissemination site, cancer cells usually generate a supportive microenvironment by producing stroma-modulating growth factors (fibroblast growth factor [FGF] family, platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF] ligands, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] family, interleukins, and transforming growth factor-β1 [TGF-β1]) (10,11).