However, although we demonstrated the presence of aromatase and ESR1 in a majority of various chondrosarcoma subtypes, our in vitro data on conventional chondrosarcoma and our patient trial including one dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma patient suggest that effects of estrogen-signaling inhibition in other chondrosarcoma subtypes, if present at all, will be very small and that estrogen-signaling inhibition is unlikely to play a major role in chondrosarcoma management. The gene discussed is CYP19A1; the disease is chondrosarcoma.