However, given the fact that TGFβ1 is produced by multiple lineages of resident cells in vascular wall and atherosclerotic lesion and the fact that it acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine fashion[4], it has been very difficult to pinpoint the exact cellular sources of TGFβ1 that are relevant for the pathogenesis of CHD. Here, TGFB1 is linked to coronary artery disorder.