HOXD13 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Transgenic mice that express a NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) fusion gene have previously been shown to develop a MDS that closely resembles human MDS, with ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, increased apoptosis, and transformation to acute leukemia between 8 and 14 months of age [21].