ARAF and cancer: The 18 “key genes” that were used most commonly in the candidate rules exert stimulatory, inhibitory, and/or regulatory effects in 7 broad pathways8 that commonly are dysregulated in cancer (available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene; [accessed October 10, 2011]) and were as follows: signal transduction (AKT1, ARAF, CD82, ITGB1, MAPK14, PTK2), gene regulation (ETV6, H3F3B, MAX,NFKB1, BMI1), invasion (ARHGDIB, MMP2), cell growth regulation (FGFR4, RPS10), angiogenesis (VEGFA), apoptosis (DIABLO), and antioxidation (HMOX1).