VEGFA and pericardial effusion: The present study investigated for the first time the pericardial and serum concentrations of VEGF, bFGF, IL-1β, and TNF-α in pericardial effusion and serum from patients with inflammatory pericardial effusion and compared them with pericardial fluid and serum levels of patients with CAD and no history or evidence of pericardial disease.