There is extensive experimental evidence in flies [19], [21], [22], mammalian cell culture [23] and mouse models [24] that in a nutrient- and growth factor-depleted microenvironment, in which for example, tumour cells often grow preferentially [25], increased PI3K/Akt and mTORC1 signalling can give cells a major growth advantage. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is neoplasm.