The RBR family of E3 ligases include human E3 ligases such as the human homolog of DrosophilaAriadne (HHARI; also known as ARIH1) that shares homology with Hel1, as well as TRIAD1 (or ARIH2) and Parkin (or PARK2), the latter of which has been implicated in a subset of Parkinson's disease [43]. Here, PRKN is linked to Parkinson disease.