They are caused by mutations in various genes, including PAX3 (paired-box 3), SOX10 (sex-determining region Y-box 10), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), EDN3 (endothelin 3), EDNRB (endothelin receptor B) and KIT, resulting in hypopigmentation due to a lack of melanocytes rather than a lack of pigment in viable melanocytes, as occurs in albinism [1], [2], [3]. The gene discussed is EDN3; the disease is albinism.