Minoo et al. [19] examined differences in expression patterns of 50 markers associated either with major signaling pathways involved in tumor progression or with immune response, of which several were more frequently overexpressed in rectal than other distal colon cancers (CD44v6, E-cadherin, CD68, CD163, and Foxp3), while others were found to be differently expressed in rectal vs. proximal cancers (TOPK, APAF-1, p21, Foxp3, TIA-1, CDX2, and β-catenin). Here, APAF1 is linked to neoplasm.