However, as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) mainly affect LDL-cholesterol levels and, as earlier trials have also found that diets high in fat elevate HDL-cholesterol to a greater extent than high-carbohydrate diets in type 2 diabetes [9, 11, 16], we find it likely that the increase in HDL-cholesterol in our trial was mainly an effect of the change in diet. The gene discussed is HMGCR; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.