To explore the modulation of IRS1 and of other insulin/IGF pathway components, we assessed by western blot the protein levels of IRS1, InsRß, IGF1Rß and ß-catenin in 7 of the 8 above-reported CRC cases (for which tissue was available), and in paired colonic mucosa and adenoma samples from two unrelated FAP patients [33]. Here, IGF1 is linked to adenoma.