TGFB1 and aortic valve stenosis: Transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β) are considered to be crucial factors in LV remodeling [3], both in animal models of pressure overload [4]–[6] and in patients with AS [7]–[10], through their regulation of the transcription of genes encoding components of the extracellular matrix in fibroblasts and sarcomeric elements in cardiomyocytes.