GDNF and brain ischemia: Koh et al. [6] also revealed that the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could be correlated with the neuroprotector effect revealed by stem cells isolated from the bulk of the Wharton jelly (WJ-MSCs), when transplanted to animal models of brain ischemia.