The two main targets tested at phase I clinical phase are P. vivax circumsporozoite (CS)57–58 and P25.59–60 There is an ongoing phase I/IIa trial based on a CS protein with the AS01B adjuvant currently being conducted in malaria naïve individuals by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This evidence concerns the gene CS and malaria.