In this study, we observed the effects of pioglitazone on vascular fibrosis, and the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and CTGF in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) to ascertain whether administering pioglitazone could attenuate vascular fibrosis with hypertension and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hypertension.