TGFB1 and cancer: There are several growth factors, probably emanating from tumor-associated stromal cells, that induce the loss of E-cadherin expression/function and then cancer cell migration and invasion, including interleukin-6 [18], transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) [19], hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor, Met [20], epidermal growth factor [21], insulin-like growth factor [22], and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) [23].