While the role of IGF-1 in cancer has been recognised for over 20 years, the presence of the INSR directly on prostate tumour tissue has only recently been reported and show that increased INSR expression correlates with increasing Gleason grade and CRPC [51] providing further evidence that insulin and insulin receptor signalling may have a critical role driving progression of advanced prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene INSR and Familial prostate cancer.