Methylation of the ER1 and ER2 gene promoters is detectable in BPH; however, the extent of ER1 and ER2 promoter methylation is significantly less in the BPH samples than in prostatic tumors, indicating that prostate carcinogenesis induces ER gene hypermethylation [66, 69]. Here, ESR1 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.