Pretreatment by microinjection bilaterally into RVLM of a general inhibitor of ubiquitin-recycling [22], ubiquitin aldehyde, at a very low dose of 5 fmol, was effective in reducing the survival rate by 40% within 10 min after the initiation of experimental endotoxemia, reaching 60% mortality by 80 min (Figure 10, upper diagram). The gene discussed is UBB; the disease is serum lipopolysaccharide activity.