The inhibitory effect of FN on Pg fimbria-induced proinflammatory cytokines and that of melatonin on Pg fimbria-induced COX-2 and NF-κB expression indicate that these bioactive compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity and may be applicable clinically for the prevention of oral diseases and chronic infections in the body induced by periodontopathic bacteria. The gene discussed is FN1; the disease is mouth disorder.