To investigate whether the expression of MYC pathway signature is enhanced due to MYC activation, the expression levels of the MYC-target genes, BCL2, CCND1, PCNA, PGK1, and VEGFA, which have been reported to be functionally related to cancer progression [42, 43], were further investigated in 44 ccRCC tissues by Q-PCR analysis. The gene discussed is PCNA; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.