Interestingly, we also observed the altered expression of genes which function as cytoskeleton assembly, protease or protease inhibitor, such as gelsolin, MMP-2, cathepsin S, kininogen 1, alpha-1 antiproteinase member 5 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, providing the strong invasive activity of ccRCC cells. This evidence concerns the gene MMP2 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.