Nonetheless, our data demonstrating that PKCδ is proteolytically activated in the substantia nigra in the neuroinflammatory LPS model (Figure 7) of PD, implicate proapoptotic PKCδ signaling as a common downstream effector of dopaminergic cell death triggered by convergent neuroinflammatory mechanisms involving TNF and other neurotoxic mediators in the mouse brain. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.