BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: Although RAD21 expression is associated with a poor prognosis and treatment resistance in sporadic breast cancers, the role of RAD21 in familial breast cancers is unclear, as RAD21 expression in the absence of either functional BRCA1 or 2 may not necessarily confer the same predictive and prognostic implications as in sporadic cancers with intact BRCA1/2.