Exercise is known to have potent beneficial effects on hemodynamic, endocrine (e.g. GH-IGF-1), metabolic (e.g. improve glucose disposal/control and blood lipid clearance) and skeletal muscle function and potentially reduce anemic symptoms and inflammation [12,65-67,134] and hence should be seriously considered as a form of therapy in CKD in conjunction with pharmacology and nutrition. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.