INS and Insulin resistance: Interestingly, Lee et al., 2007 found that in non-diabetic ESRD patient’s (n = 21) insulin resistance (measured by HOMA-IR) correlated with muscle wasting (LBM measured by DEXA), and a marker of muscle protein degradation (14 kDa actin sampled from rectus abdominis tissue) potentially indicating the importance of insulin-sensitive anabolic/anti-catabolic pathways in the regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle in ESRD [75].