To date there is little experimental evidence demonstrating a role for the innate immune response in bovine neosporosis; work by Boysen et al., (2006) [20] and Klevar et al., (2007) [32] demonstrated a role for Natural killer (NK) cells during early infection in calves, in producing IFN-γ, and observed NK cytotoxicity in N. caninum infected fibroblast cells. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.