GNA11 and melanoma: At least 6 genes have been shown to be recurrently mutated in melanoma, including the serine-threonine kinase encoded by BRAF[2]; the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by KIT[3]; the GTP-binding proteins encoded by NRAS[4], GNA11[5], [6], and GNAQ[6], [7]; and the WNT signaling pathway component encoded by CTNNB1[8].