PAK1 and infection: Infectious internalization and infection were found to be similarly reduced by cytochalasin D (actin polymerization), jasplakinolide (actin depolymerization), EIPA (Na+/H+ exchanger), genistein (tyrosine kinases), PI-103 (PI3K), IPA-3 (PAK-1), and H-7 (serine/threonine kinases) (Figure 6C).