ITGAM and encephalitis: It has been shown that CD11b+/CD45+ cells contribute to the pathogenesis of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis [26], thus triple-color staining (CD11b/CD11c/CD45) was used to gate the CD11c− population to distinguish residential microglia (R1) and infiltrating myeloid cells (R1) (Figure 4B).