CD44+ EOC cells express TLR-4 and MyD88 and respond to TLR-4 ligands by activating NF-κB, promoting a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, and proliferating with chemotherapy,suggesting that the TLR-4/MyD88 pathway may play a critical role in the process of repair/differentiation triggered by the cancer stem cells. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.