There are a number of well-established primary risk factors for the development of OHSS, including young age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – characterized by ultrasound and the ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) – and a history of an elevated response to gonadotropins, i.e. prior hyper-response/OHSS [9,10,15]. The gene discussed is PLOD1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.