LEP and Stroke: 22), as will be further discussed in this review. Young showed that astrocytes have a specific anatomical relationship with leptin-sensitive neurons.23 Later, the distribution and upregulation of astrocytic ObR was shown in mouse models of adult onset obesity.22,24,25 Leptin can attenuate oligodendrocyte development embryonically,26 promote neurosphere self-renewal,27,28 increase angiogenesis after stroke,28 and show robust effects on microglial cytokine production.29–31