AKT1 and glioblastoma: In preclinical models, HDACs have been shown to sensitize cells to chemotherapy [135], to have antiproliferative activity by increasing PTEN and AKT expression while reducing phosphorylation of the proteins to their active forms [136], to increase apoptosis in GBM cells through activation of the JNK pathway and reduction in telomerase activity [137], and to sensitize cells to radiation [138].