TNF and neuroblastoma: The proapoptotic mechanisms that are related to DENV infection include apoptosis activation by the extrinsic route (via ligands such as TNF-α and Apo2/TRAIL) [22] and the intrinsic route (described in neuroblastoma cells having phospholipase A2 activation, superoxide anion production, cytochrome c release, followed by caspase 3 activation).