Zhang and colleagues [86••] performed WGS of 12 ETP ALL cases identifying activating mutations in genes regulating cytokine receptor and RAS signaling, such as NRAS, KRAS, FLT3, IL7R, JAK3, JAK1, SH2B3, and BRAF (67 %), inactivating lesions disrupting hematopoietic development, such as GATA3, ETV6, RUNX1, IKZF1, and EP300 (58 %), and histone-modifying genes, such as EZH2, EED, SUZ12, SETD2, and EP300 (48 %). This evidence concerns the gene NRAS and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.