Whilst Figure 7 depicts mSOD1 as the generator of toxic species initiating the cascade of cellular disruption, it is conceivable that other proteins implicated genetically and functionally in ALS pathology (including TDP-43 and FUS/TLS) may also act to precipitate ER stress and the resultant death process mediated by Bim. Here, BCL2L11 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.