We found that peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) mRNA levels were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle from IUGR pigs (P<0.05), with a significant effect of HF diet (P<0.05, Figure 8A and 8D). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to hydrops fetalis.