However, current evidence would favour a proinflammatory role for IL-1β since (i) there are increased levels of serum, BALF, and bronchial epithelial IL-1β in human asthmatics, compared to healthy subjects [10–12], (ii) increase in serum IL-1β has also been reported in primates [13], (iii) IL-1β levels were decreased 2-fold in the bronchial epithelium following inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate (as measured by an immunohistological technique) [14], and (iv) administration of TNF-α and IL-1β induces airway hyper-reactivity, a feature of asthma [15, 16]. Here, IL1B is linked to asthma.