APOL1 and chronic kidney disease: The risk of kidney disease progression in HIV-positive black patients is increased,32,46-49 and recent genetic studies implicate the APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles to account in part for this excess of risk.50-52 However, the absolute risk of stages 4-5 CKD in this population was low, with ∼1% of participants in our study reaching this end point.