It has been shown that length polymorphism in the HO-1 gene promoter is related to coronary artery disease susceptibility in Japanese people, but this association was found only in patients with hypercholesterolemia or diabetes mellitus or in smokers [50], thus suggesting that HO-1 may play an antiatherogenic role in Japanese patients with these coronary risk factors. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and familial hypercholesterolemia.