Further studies should be performed to evaluate the role of leptin-OC and resistin-OC axes in osteoporotic fractures and comorbid conditions such as cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, dementia, malnutrition, all of which are common in the elderly and have been shown to be associated with alterations in serum adipokine and OC levels. This evidence concerns the gene BGLAP and cerebrovascular disorder.