One ADEM case was reported as having the common missense mutation (c.1880CT, p.Thr585Met) of the Ran Binding Protein 2 (RANBP2) gene previously reported in recurrent or familial acute necrotising encephalopathy.30 Of those tested for the aquaporin-4 antibody (n = 52), none of the ADEM (n = 5), TM (n = 20), and other CIS (n = 7) cases tested positive while one child with ON and both NMO patients tested positive. The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is in situ carcinoma.