SOX9 and urinary bladder neoplasm: For example, Wang et al. [14] detected the expression of SOX9 in prostate cancer cells contributes to tumor growth and invasion; In primary bladder tumours, Aleman et al. [15] found that SOX9 hypermethylation was present more than half of the cases and SOX9 hypermethylation was significantly associated with tumour grade and overall survival; Malki et al. [16] shown that the embryonic male prostaglandin D synthase/SOX9 pathway was expressed at both the RNA and protein levels in different types of human ovarian tumors, pointing to SOX9 as a possible diagnostic marker for ovarian carcinomas.