APP and Alzheimer disease: APP was reported to form a ∼480 kDa complex with the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40) import channel in addition to a supercomplex of approximately 620 kDa with both TOMM40 and the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIMM23) import channel, which are the mechanisms for mitochondrial dysfunction by APP in AD [21].