Apart from synaptic de-regulation, diabetes-induced memory impairment was also accompanied by astrogliosis; this was mainly concluded based on quantitative Western blot analysis showing an increased GFAP immunoreactivity and was confirmed by the semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis indicating an increased number of GFAP-positive cells in the hippocampus of diabetic mice compared to controls. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and diabetes mellitus.